An ideal (a.k.a. radical)
modular system has some important criteria. a.
Curriculum and the relations to other educational programs: Restriction of learning content and/or
qualifications, flexible combination of different modules; b. Curriculum and guide lines: Standardization of learning
contents, qualifications, and methods of measuring learning outcome; c. Assessment: Output-orientation; d. Certification process: Certification
of each unit; e. Participants:
Unrestricted entrance and exit opportunities by participants; and f. Providers: Unrestricted option to
offer all types of modules by all kinds of schools and training providers.
[Pilz, M. (2002). Modularization in the Scottish Education System: A View from
the Outside. Scottish
Educational Review 34(2): 163–174.] Those Ethiopian higher education
institutes implementing the modular programs can easily see the inadequacies of the
programs in terms of these criteria.
Monday, January 25, 2016
Cognitive-Metacognitive System
Metacognition is regarded as an important
construct in helping educators develop better teaching and learning strategies,
contexts, and materials. The development
and use of good teaching and learning strategies and materials emanating from metacognition
require profound understanding of how it promotes the efficiency of the
cognitive system in learning. A proposed system called cognitive-metacognitive
system illustrates how the metacognitive system promotes the efficiency of the
cognitive system. The cognitive-metacognitive system enters into a
six-step sequence of mental activities to process cognitive inputs; and yields cognitive
outputs. It is well-established that metacognition promotes learning via
identifying and deploying appropriate and effective cognitive processing strategies
and tools; and identifying and deploying metacognitive strategies to regulate
cognitive processing. Hence, the effectiveness of the
cognitive-metacognitive system in promoting learning depends on its ability in
helping learners generate manageable meta-level models of cognitive inputs for
cognitive processing.
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